Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Cladribine Treatment for MS Preserves the Differentiative Capacity of Subsequently Generated Monocytes, Whereas Its Administration In Vitro Acutely Influences Monocyte Differentiation but Not Microglial Activation
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.678817
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of oral cladribine treatment on circulating PBMCs from MS patients and monocyte ex vivo differentiation. Monocytes isolated from MS patients’ PBMCs before (white) and 19-21 days after (blue) the beginning of cladribine treatment were differentiated to MDMs for 7 days with M-CSF. (A) The density of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in blood collected from MS patients before (BL; baseline) and 19-21 days after (FU; follow up) the beginning of cladribine treatment. (B) The density of MACS-isolated monocytes from freshly isolated PBMCs of MS patients before (BL; baseline) and 19-21 days after (FU; follow up) the beginning of cladribine treatment. (C) Monocyte subsets from cladribine-treated MS patients before (white) and 19-21 days after (blue) the beginning of cladribine treatment were determined by CD14 and CD16 surface expression, as analyzed by flow cytometry. (D) MDMs of cladribine-treated MS patients were differentiated for 7 days with M-CSF and the expression of pro-inflammatory (CD80) and anti-inflammatory (CD163 and MERTK) activation markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. (E–I) Gene expression of activation markers in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from cladribine-treated MS patients. RT-qPCR gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory (E–G) and anti-inflammatory (H, I) activation markers. Positive cells were determined according to (C) isotype controls and (D) FMO controls. (A–D) Data depicted as mean (with SD) and lines indicate before-after cladribine treatment, (A, C) n=9, (B–I) n=10. The yellow crossed diamond shows the statistically significant outlier (ESD, extreme studentized deviate method), which was excluded from the analysis. (A–D) Statistical significance was calculated with paired t-test. (E–I) Data depicted as median (with quartiles, dot indicates mean), lines indicate before-after cladribine treatment, n=9 (patient #9 was not included due to technical problems). (E) n=8, the outlier value #7 follow up (ESD method) was not included in the analysis. (E–I) p-values between baseline and follow up were determined by paired t-test and the adjusted p-value (p adj ) was calculated using the posthoc Holm-Sidak correction for multiple testing.
Article Snippet: Blocked cells were stained for 15 min at RT with anti-human CD80 PE-conjugated antibody (clone REA661; Miltenyi, #130-110-270), anti-human CD163 VioBlue-conjugated antibody (clone REA812; Miltenyi #130-112-134) and anti-human Mer APC-conjugated antibody (R&D SYSTEMS, #FAB8912A) at a final dilution of 1:100, 1:50 and 1:11, respectively.
Techniques: Ex Vivo, Isolation, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Activation Assay, Gene Expression, Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR